COMPARISON – CẤU TRÚC CÂU SO SÁNH

I. GRAMMAR: COMPARISON

1. So sánh bằng (equality comparison)

S1 + V + as adj/ adv + as + S2 ( be / auxiliary verb )

Note : ở thể phủ định và nghi vấn ta có thể dùng so + adj / adv as

Eg: He is as tall as his father.

His job is not so difficult as mine.

Eg: Mary doesn’t write her lessons as badly as she did last year.

Last year , Mary didn’t write her lessons as carefully as she does.

• Note: S +be/V+the same +(noun) + as +S.

Eg: My house is as high as his.ð  My house is the same height as his.

Eg: He isn’t as old as I am ð He isn’t the same age as I

2. So sánh hơn ( superiority comparison )

a. Đối với tính từ và trạng từ một âm tiết

S1 + V + adj/ adv + er + than + S2 ( be / auxiliary verb )

Eg: Today it is hotter than it was yesterday.

He works harder than he did last year.

Does your mother type faster than your father ?

Note : Những tính từ hai âm tiết mà tận cùng có các đuôi sau đây thì ta so sánh như tính từ một âm tiết

• y
• ow
• er
• et

Eg : We are happier than he (is) .

Eg : Our class is much noisier than theirs

Eg : Tran Hung Dao street is narrower than Tran Phu street .

Eg : He is cleverer than his sister .

Eg : Countryside is quieter than cities.

a. Đối với tính từ và trạng từ từ hai âm tiết trở lên

S1 + V + more adj/ adv + than + S2 ( be / auxiliary verb )

Eg : She is more careful than her mother (is) .

Eg : Are you more tired than I am ?

Eg : He sings more beautifully than other competitors .

3.So sánh nhất ( superlative comparison ):

a. Đối với tính từ và trạng từ ngắn vần

S + V + the adj/ adv + est

Eg : This street is the longest in our city .

Eg : She works the hardest in her company .

Eg : July is usually the hottest month in a year .

a. Đối với tính từ và trạng từ dài vần

S + V + the most adj/ adv

Eg : Miss Venezuela is the most beautiful in the Miss world contest .

Eg : He is the most careless driver that I have ever met .

Eg : He did this work the most successfully .

Eg: Mai is the tallest boy in the family.

Mary is the most beautiful of the three sisters /of all.

Note :  Những tính từ và trạng từ bất quy tắc khi so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất .

good / well               better          the best

bad / badly               worse         the worst

many / much           more          the most

far                              farther       the farthest

furhter       the furthest

little                            less               the least

Eg : Children in big cities learn English better than the ones in countryside .

Eg : He is the worst player in his team .

Eg : I have more English books than yours

4. So sánh kép ( double comparison )

The + comparative + S + V , the + comparative + S + V ( càng……. Càng )

Eg : The more you learn , the better you are .

Eg : The longer the journey is , the more tired we feel .

Eg : The better you play , the more money you will receive .

 

S + V + short adj/ adv + er + and + short adj/ adv + er S + V + more and more + long adj/ adv:  ( càng ngày càng … )

Eg : It is colder and colder when the winter comes near .

Eg : She speaks English more and more fluently .

Eg : He plays football worse and worse .

Eg : His disease becomes more and more serious .

Eg : We are older and older when the time goes by .

5. So sánh kém :

a. So sánh kém hơn :

S1 + V + LESS ADJ + THAN + S2

Eg : She is less intelligent than her sister .

Eg : Miss Viet Nam is less beautiful than Miss Russia .

b. So sánh kém nhất:

S + V + THE LEAST ADJ (N)

Eg : She is the least beautiful of all in her family .

Eg : Of all the musicians , I think he is the least creative .

6. Một số dạng so sánh đặc biệt:

ADJ  + AS + S + BE  , S + … ADV                        V

Eg : strong as he is , he can’t carry this table . Khỏe như anh ấy mà cũng không thể bê nổi cái bàn này .

Eg : Rich as he is , he can’t buy this house . Giàu như ông ấy mà cũng không thể mua nổi cái nhà này .

Eg : Well as she sang , she couldn’t win the first prize .

S1 + be  + twice/three times..as + adj + as + S2                          V                                                 adv

Eg: the price of petrol now is twice as much as it was last year.

He is 60 years old. His wife is 20 years old. He is three times as old as his wife.

Ex 1: Put the words in brackets in the correct form:

1. Apples are ________  than chips.  (healthy)

2. Elephants are  _______(big) than bears.

3. Gold is ________ than silver. (expensive)

4. Bikes are _________  than cars. (slow)

5. I am ______ at English than my brother .(good)

6. My friend is _________ than me. (tall)

7. Sandy is _________  than Tamara. (thin)

8. My father is _________ than Tom’s father. (strong)

9. “Harry Potter “books are _________  than “The Book of the Jungle”. (interesting)

10. The tiger is ________ than a fox .(heavy)

11. The weather is  __________ than yesterday . (hot)

12. The girls are ________   than the boys. (happy)

13. Berta is __________  than Debby.(beautiful)

14.French is __________   than English. (difficult)

15. Tina is 5 years old. Sandra is 10 years old. Sandra is _________  than Tina.(old)

16. Russia is _______  than France. (large)

17. I am _________ at maths than my best friend (bad)

18. Love is _________  than money.(important)

19. His car is __________  than mine. (cheap)

20. The first movie is _________ than the second.I don’t recommend it.  (boring)

Ex 2: Choose the correct answer:

1. Which girl is ________? Dana or Karen?

A. young                      B. the youngest                C. younger                   D. more  young

2.Indian cooking has some of ________dishes in the world.

A. hot                           B. the hottest                    C. hotter                       D. hottest

3. Tomer is _________ boy in the class.

A. the strongest        B. stronger                         C. strong                      D. the most strong

4. That is ____________ song this band has.

A. the most beautiful  B. more beautiful           C. beautifulest            D. beautiful

5. The China Wall is _____ wall in the world.

A. the longest               B. more long                    C. longer                      D. long

6. Cities are ____________ than villages

A. busier                      B. busy                                 C. the busiest             D. most busy

7. February is ______ than April.

A. short                        B. the shortest                    C. shorter                    D. most short

8. Bill Gates is one of  ___________ people in the world.

A. the rich                    B. richer                                C. rich                          D. the richest

9. I am ______ at music than my old sister.

A. good                        B. better                                 C. goodest                  D. the best

10. Rita is __________ than the other students in class.

A. hardworking          B. the most hardworking    C. more hardworking   D. hardworkinger

11. Ice hockey is __________ sport in Canada.

A. popular                   B. the most popular              C. more popular           D. populariest

12.  Garfield is ___________ than Nemo.

A. the funniest             B. more funny                         C. funnier                    D. funny

13. Amalia is  ___________ girl in the class.

A. the cleverest           B. clever                                  C. cleverer                   D. more clever

14.  German is __________ than English.

A. the most difficult      B. difficulter                          C. difficult                   D. more difficult

15. Swimming is ______________ than running.

A. exciting                   B. more exciting                      C. excited                    D. the most exciting

16. Your new car is _______ than my old car.

A. the cheapest         B. cheaper                               C. more cheaper          D. most cheapest

17. Traveling by plane is________ than traveling by ship.

A. fastest                     B. fast                                      C. faster                       D. more fastest

18 .New York is ________  city in USA.

A. crowded                 B. the most crowded             C. more crowded         D. crowder

19. Jerusalem is  _________ city in Israel.

A. the biggest               B. big                                      C. bigger                      D. biggest